Estonia’s greenhouse gas emissions have experienced significant shifts over the past decades, reflecting changes in its energy sector and industrial activities. Historically reliant on oil shale for electricity production, Estonia remains one of the highest per capita emitters in the European Union. However, recent years have seen a diversification toward renewable energy sources and increased energy efficiency measures aimed at reducing the environmental footprint. Key sectors driving emissions include:

  • Energy Production: Predominantly oil shale combustion, accounting for the majority of CO₂ output.
  • Industrial Processes: Cement and chemical manufacturing adding to greenhouse gases.
  • Transport: Growing emissions due to increased vehicle use and infrastructure demands.

The government’s commitment to the European Green Deal and national climate…